Author name: Ahmad

Pharmaceutical Engineering

Define Hammer mills Principal construction and working

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A hammer mill is a versatile and widely used size reduction equipment in pharmaceutical manufacturing. It is designed to crush, grind, and pulverize materials into smaller particles using high-speed rotating hammers. Hammer mills are commonly used for intermediate grinding of active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs), excipients, and other raw materials. Principle of Hammer Mill The hammer […]

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Pharmaceutical Engineering

Classification of Size Reduction and Mechanism of Action

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Size reduction equipment is classified based on the mechanism of action, type of material being processed, and desired particle size. These machines are essential in pharmaceutical manufacturing for reducing the size of raw materials, active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs), and excipients. Below is a detailed classification of size reduction equipment: 1. Based on Mechanism of Action

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Pharmaceutical Engineering

Theories of Size Reduction and its Applications

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Size reduction is a fundamental process in pharmaceutical manufacturing, and understanding the theories behind it helps optimize the process for better efficiency and product quality. The main theories of size reduction are: 1. Rittinger’s theory 2. Kick’s theory 3. Bond’s theory These theories explain the relationship between the energy required for size reduction and the

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Pharmaceutical Engineering

Size Reduction Advantages and Disadvantages

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Size reduction is a process of reducing the size of solid materials into smaller particles or powders. It is a critical operation in pharmaceutical manufacturing, as it enhances the dissolution rate, bioavailability, and uniformity of drugs. Size reduction is achieved using equipment like ball mills, hammer mills, cutter mills, and fluid energy mills. Advantages of

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Pharmaceutical Engineering

Definition Rotameter and Working Principle

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A rotameter is a flow measurement device used to measure the flow rate of liquids or gases in a pipeline. It is a type of variable area flowmeter and is widely used in pharmaceutical engineering for its simplicity, reliability, and accuracy. Rotameters are commonly employed in processes like drug formulation, filtration, and gas flow control.

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